Commercially available targeted panels miss genomic regions frequently altered in hepatocellular carcinoma hcc. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the sixth most common type of cancer and with about 9. You might not have any symptoms when hepatocellular carcinoma is in an early stage. Immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology are becoming. The hepatic parenchyma can be divided using a variety of techniques, with the goal to minimize blood loss and maintain. Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment brian i. Diarrhea as a presenting symptom of hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparative immunohistochemical profile of hepatocellular. These are primary liver cancers involving the liver. Hcc is more common in males than in females and mostly occurs in developing countries. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib still remains the only approved agent for advanced hcc. Note the finger like cords, the mitosis black arrow, and the occasional acinar lumens red arrows.
Diagnosis is based on alphafetoprotein afp levels, imaging tests, and sometimes liver biopsy. Hepatocellular carcinoma pathology has been studied for a very long time now by researchers and doctors all over the world. As the cancer grows, you may have one or more of these pain in the upper right part of. The author examined unusual extrahepatic metastatic sites from liver hepatocellular carcinomas hccs in autopsy and surgical files at our laboratory in the last 10 years. They need to be differentiated from metastatic liver cancer, which indicates the cancer is first located in a distant site outside of the liver. Comparative immunohistochemical profile of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Institute of pathology, university hospital basel, schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 basel, switzerland. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment catherine frenette, md california pacific medical center the barry s. Liver cancer can range from the heavy drinker, alcoholic liver carcinoma, to genetically inheriting it. Hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis. Primary hepatocellular neoplasm can be broadly classified into malignant and benign categories. Diagnosis, staging and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Each year, hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed in more than half a million people worldwide, including approximately 20,000 new cases in the united states. We sought to design and benchmark a sequencing assay for genomic screening of hcc. According to these available data the age adjusted incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma hcc in india for men ranges from 0. As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of hcc vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the. Somatic mutations were defined using torrent variant caller tvc v5. Comprehensive genetic analysis of cholangiolocellular. Targeted therapy provides a detailed repository of the latest information regarding hcc epidemiology, diagnosis, imaging, pathology, staging, and treatment options. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is currently the sixth most common type of cancer with a.
Genetic profiling using plasmaderived cellfree dna in therapy. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide in terms of numbers of cases 626. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is one of the most common and deadly malignancies worldwide. To elucidate the genetic profile of clc, a comprehensive analysis of genetic mutations was carried out in a case of clc with an hcc. Hepatocellular carcinoma hepatic and biliary disorders. Jun 20, 2014 the other source of information was the report published by international agency for research on cancer who. Rather rapid and brief overview of pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma has been made, where the connection between morphology and virology or biochemistry is stressed as the main focus of todays pathology. Pathology outlines clear cell variant of hepatocellular. Liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma powerpoint presentation. Because the side effects of current treatments are severe, new effective therapeutic strategies are urgently required.
Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc used to be regarded as a rare disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is a primary malignancy of hepatocyte that is rapidly fatal. Liver cancer is an important form of cancer worldwide ranking in the top ten in both incidence and mortality 1. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc may comprise multiple nodules similar in size to. It is typically diagnosed late in its course, and the median survival following diagnosis is approximately 6 to 20 months 1. Most people who acquire hepatitis b infection recover without incident. Introduction hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is a primary tumor of the liver that usually develops in the setting of chronic liver disease, particularly in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis b virus or hepatitis c virus infection. Hepatocellular carcinoma hepatoma an update for 2016 patients with cirrhosis are at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, also known as hepatoma. Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Impact of histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Welldifferentiated hcc, however, may be difficult to distinguish from normal hepatic parenchyma or hepatocellular adenomas. The clinical manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma hcc are highly nonspecific since they usually mimic those of hepatic cirrhosis, which frequently underlies this neoplasm. Several classifications are currently available for tumor staging in order to determine patient prognosis. Webpathology is a free educational resource with 10236 high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. Correlation with enhancement degree and histologic grade1 sungmin woo, md jeong min lee, md jeong hee yoon, md ijin joo, md joon koo han, md byung ihn choi, md purpose. All take into consideration not only the stage of the tumor but also the degree of hepatocellular dysfunction, which is known to. After completing medical school training in india, he attended the university of illinois in chicago for pathology residency followed by giliver and molecular pathology. Recent sequencing technologies have refined our knowledge of the genomic landscape and pathogenesis of hcc, but the mechanisms by which hbv exerts its oncogenic role remain controversial. Hepatocellular carcinomaderived exosomes promote motility.
Mar 16, 2020 webpathology is a free educational resource with 10236 high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. It mainly occurs by direct invasion and presents with bloody stools. Hepatocellular carcinoma is liver cancer, which is the fifth most fatal cancer in existence. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is currently the sixth most common type of cancer with a high mortality rate and an increasing incidence worldwide.
However, in some individuals hepatitis b infection becomes chronic and serious and can lead to liver failure, liver cancer of cirrhosis. In the global cancer statistics, hepatocellular carcinoma hcc ranges sixth by incidence. The diagnosis of hcc can be difficult and often requires the use of one. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc accounts for 90% of all primary liver malignancy and its incidence is rising. Classics and innovations in radiology and pathology. This book explores in detail the primary liver cancers of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the fifth most common neoplasm, accounting for more than 5% of all capcers, and is also the third most common cause of cancerrelated death. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis see epidemiology and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. The other source of information was the report published by international agency for research on cancer who. Liver cancer can range from the heavy drinker, alcoholic liver carcinoma, to. In contrast to most solid tumor types, hepatocellular carcinoma hcc diagnosis is.
Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha. Sanjay kakar, md, is professor of pathology, chief of the giliver pathology service, and giliver pathology fellowship director at university of california san francisco. Thus, existence of some relation between hepatitis virus and hepatocellular carcinoma seems to be definite for us. Hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma are intricately linked. Diagnosis alphafetoprotein afp alphafetoprotein levels may be assessed by a blood test. The strengths and weaknesses of gross and histopathological. Panel c shows multiple hepatocellularcarcinoma nodules arrows in a patient with childpugh class b cirrhosis, indicating intermediatestage disease. Nov 21, 2014 hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the sixth most common type of cancer and with about 9. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancerrelated death. Practical hepatic pathologya new volume in the new pattern recognition seriesoffers you a practical guide to diagnosing every challenging liver. In these patients, cfdna and tumor dna captured 87% 8092 and 95% 8792 of the. Between 1990 and 20, about 63% increase in total deaths has been reported globally because of.
Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the major form of liver cancer. Epidemiology and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. A collection of surgical pathology images hepatocellular carcinoma. Mar 30, 2020 hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is a primary malignancy of the liver. Alphafetoprotein afp is a tumor marker that is elevated in 6070% of patients with hepatocellular.
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma request pdf. It is rare in north america and western europe but is one of the most common malignancies in parts of subsaharan africa, southeast asia, east asia, and elsewhere. We describe a patient with haematogenous metastasis to the rectum who presented with tenesmus. Katyal s1, oliver jh 3rd, peterson ms, ferris jv, carr bs, baron rl. Hepatocellular carcinoma is now the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with over 500,000 people affected. Diagnostic targeted sequencing panel for hepatocellular. To compare the association of intravoxel incoherent motion ivimderived parameters and apparent diffusion. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the seventh most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancerrelated death worldwide, with an estimated 748,000 new liver cancer cases and 696,000 liver cancer deaths caused in 2008, which increased from 626,000 incident liver cancers and 598,000 deaths in 2002. Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. In autopsy cases n31, extrahepatic metastases were present in 21 cases 68%. Hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in patients with cirrhosis and is common in areas where infection with hepatitis b and c viruses is prevalent. Hepatocellular carcinoma definition of hepatocellular. Although diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for hcc have been improved in last decades, longterm survival of hcc patients still remains poor due to high metastases andor postsurgical recurrence rate.
The hepatitis b virus hbv is a widespread human pathogen that causes liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc. Practical hepatic pathology, a volume in the pattern recognition series, is the only single resource that delivers the practical, handson information you need to solve even the toughest diagnostic challenges for all major. Over 780,000 new cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma hcc were diagnosed. Pathology outlines hepatocellular carcinoma general. The excision of surface tumors may be best accomplished as a nonanatomic wedge excision, in which the tumor is simply excised with a 1cm margin. The role of histology in hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. Di bisceglie from the division of gastroenterology and hepatology, department of internal medicine, saint louis university school of medicine, st. Hepatitis b virus and hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis b. Panel d shows a large mass more than 10 cm in diameter and ascites arrows, indicating advancedstage hepatocellular carcinoma. The genetic profile of cholangiolocellular carcinoma clc and its origin in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma hcc remain unclear.
See epidemiology and etiologic associations of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the mainstay of therapy is surgical resection, the. Levin department of transplantation a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Nov 21, 2014 schlageter m1, terracciano lm1, dangelo s1, sorrentino p1. Liver cancers from mechanisms to management tim cross. Schlageter m1, terracciano lm1, dangelo s1, sorrentino p1. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc clinical presentation.
Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma sciencedirect. Nov 21, 2014 hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is currently the sixth most common type of cancer with a high mortality rate and an increasing incidence worldwide. Histological diagnosis of hcc is often straightforward and is based on architectural and cytological features. It is typically diagnosed late in its course, and the median survival following diagnosis is approximately 6 to 20 months. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is a primary malignancy of the liver. Patients with cirrhosis are at highest risk of developing this malignant. The fact that some hcc patients present with severe diarrhea, an unusual symptom in liver cirrhosis, prompted us to determine the prevalence of diarrhea in a series of 23 consecutive hcc patients and compare it with. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the one of the most common cancers worldwide.
Hepatocellular carcinoma pathology about carcinoma. Louis, missouri hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is currently the sixth most common type of. Understand the pathology and practice of liver transplantation with coverage of the clinical aspects of this procedure. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and. Pas d of regenerative nodule contrasts with the image of the hepatocellular carcinoma. Hypothesis histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is an important prognostic factor affecting patient survival after orthotopic liver transplantation olt design retrospective analysis setting universitybased teaching hospital patients of 952 olts performed between june 1991 and january 1999, 56 olt recipients had histologically proven hcc in the explant. Hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis it occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection hepatitis b or c or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin. Hepatocellular carcinoma with colonic metastasis is rare.
759 1318 1355 1126 1441 1338 851 28 616 309 987 1377 1408 888 903 1398 1431 632 242 255 733 18 199 549 894 1143 886 1144 1331 264 1066 97 405 1336 884 180 1127 1375 1071 514 708